37 Depression Group Therapy Activities to Do With Your Clients

An estimated 21.0 million U.S. adults had at least one major depressive episode in the past year, representing 8.3% of all U.S. adults (National Institute of Mental Health, 2023). Prevalence is higher among adult females (10.3%) compared to males (6.2%), and highest among young adults aged 18–25 (18.6%) (National Institute of Mental Health, 2023).

While the prevalence of depressive disorders may not surprise mental health professionals, what may be more concerning is that an estimated 39% of adults with a major depressive episode did not receive treatment in the past year (National Institute of Mental Health, 2023). This gap underscores the importance of using effective, engaging treatment approaches when working with clients who struggle with depression.

In this post, I review 37 depression group therapy activities you can use in your practice’s group sessions.

How Does Group Therapy Help Individuals with Depression?

Research has shown that group therapy for depression is an effective treatment approach and can meaningfully reduce depressive symptoms among members, with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy standing out as a particularly well-supported approach in group formats (McDermut, Miller, & Brown, 2001).

Group therapy can help members feel connected to others and decrease isolation. It also provides an opportunity to receive social support for concerns members may not be sharing with anyone else in their life. In group therapy, members receive feedback and encouragement not just from their counselor, but from peers who understand what they’re going through in a way that can be hard to find elsewhere.

Group therapy for depression is also generally more cost-effective than individual therapy, since group session rates are typically priced well below individual session rates — a meaningful consideration for clients who might otherwise delay or forgo treatment due to cost.

Counselors who provide group therapy for depression and other depressive disorders can use group activities to provide education about depression, encourage group participation, and deliver effective, evidence-informed interventions.

Considerations Before Facilitating a Depression Group

Depression group therapy can be a powerful, engaging format for clients. It also comes with a few clinical considerations worth keeping in mind given the population’s specific risk profile and presentation.

Clinical Consideration	What Counselors Should Consider
Continuously Screen for Suicide Risk	Depression is one of the strongest known risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts. Risk assessment shouldn’t be a one-time intake question — facilitators should remain attentive to shifts in hopelessness, withdrawal, or statements suggesting risk throughout the life of the group, not just at intake.
Stay Within Scope of Practice on Medication	Counselors can provide general psychoeducation about the role medication may play in depression treatment, but should avoid endorsing specific medications or benefits and should refer clients to a prescribing provider for individualized medical guidance.
Rule Out Medical Contributors	Conditions such as thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiencies, and certain medications can produce depressive symptoms. Encourage clients who haven’t had a recent physical to follow up with a medical provider, particularly if symptoms are treatment-resistant.
Differentiate Depression from Situational Grief or Sadness	Not every client experiencing low mood meets criteria for a depressive disorder — grief and situational sadness can look similar but call for a different clinical approach. Facilitators should assess carefully rather than assuming every low-mood presentation is clinical depression.
Anticipate Low Energy Affecting Engagement	Anhedonia and fatigue are core symptoms of depression, and they can affect group attendance, participation, and follow-through on between-session commitments. Build in flexibility and avoid interpreting low engagement as a lack of investment in treatment.
Recognize Common Comorbidities	Depression frequently co-occurs with anxiety, trauma, and substance use concerns. Facilitators should be prepared to address these overlapping presentations rather than treating depression as an isolated concern.
Model Consistency and Hope as the Facilitator	Given depression’s association with hopelessness, a facilitator’s steady, consistent presence and genuine belief in the possibility of change can itself be a meaningful therapeutic factor for the group.

Clinical Note: Depression group therapy activities should be facilitated by qualified mental health professionals within an appropriate treatment framework. Interventions should be individualized based on each client’s risk profile, co-occurring concerns, and treatment goals.

List of Group Therapy Activities for Treating Depression

When deciding which group therapy activities for depression to use, there are a variety of options available. Activities can be tailored to the specific population and concerns your group members are bringing into the room. Here’s a list of group therapy activities for depression you can use:

1. Behavioral Activation

Of all the interventions in this list, this is the one I’d consider essential — behavioral activation is one of the most well-supported, depression-specific treatment approaches available, and it’s built on a simple but powerful idea: activity often needs to come before motivation, not after it (Jacobson, Martell, & Dimidjian, 2001).

What It Is: This activity introduces behavioral activation, helping clients identify small, values-aligned activities they can schedule into their week, even when they don’t feel motivated to do them.
How It Helps Clients: Depression often creates a cycle where low mood leads to withdrawal, which then deepens the low mood further. Scheduling activity — rather than waiting to feel like doing it — helps interrupt that cycle directly.
How To Do It: Explain the behavioral activation cycle and how withdrawal reinforces depression. Ask each group member to identify one or two small, achievable activities to schedule before the next session, regardless of motivation level, and follow up on how it went.

2. Understanding the Physical Symptoms of Depression

Clients often don’t realize that changes in sleep, appetite, and energy are core symptoms of depression, not separate problems.

What It Is: This psychoeducational activity reviews the physical and vegetative symptoms of depression — including sleep disturbance, appetite changes, and fatigue — alongside the more commonly discussed emotional symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
How It Helps Clients: Understanding that these physical changes are part of the diagnostic picture, not a separate failing, reduces shame and helps clients track their symptoms more accurately.
How To Do It: Provide education on the full range of depressive symptoms, including physical ones. Ask group members which symptoms feel most present for them currently, and discuss how tracking these specific symptoms can help them and their treatment team gauge progress.

3. Suicide Risk and Safety Planning

Given how closely depression and suicide risk are linked, every client in a depression group should leave with a personalized safety plan in place before they need one.

What It Is: This activity guides clients through building an individualized safety plan, including warning signs, coping strategies, people they can reach out to, and crisis resources such as the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.
How It Helps Clients: A plan built in advance, while a client is regulated, is far more usable in a moment of crisis than trying to think clearly during one.
How To Do It: Provide a safety planning worksheet covering warning signs, coping strategies, supports, and crisis resources. Review the plan individually with each client and encourage them to keep a copy somewhere accessible.

4. Rumination and Depressive Thinking Patterns

Rumination — dwelling repeatedly on distressing thoughts without resolution — is one of the most well-documented mechanisms that keeps depressive episodes going (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991).

What It Is: This activity introduces rumination as a distinct pattern from general negative thinking, and helps clients recognize when they’re stuck in a repetitive thought loop rather than actively problem-solving.
How It Helps Clients: Naming rumination as a specific, recognizable pattern gives clients a cue to intentionally shift their focus, rather than continuing to dwell without realizing it’s happening.
How To Do It: Provide psychoeducation on rumination and how it differs from productive reflection. Ask group members to identify situations that tend to trigger rumination for them, and discuss strategies — such as engaging in an absorbing activity — that can help interrupt the pattern.

5. Someone I Feel Supported By

Identifying what genuine support feels like gives clients a clearer template for the relationships worth investing in.

What It Is: This activity asks clients to describe someone in their life they feel supported by, and explore the specific characteristics and behaviors that make them feel that way.
How It Helps Clients: Naming specific, concrete traits of supportive people helps clients recognize similar qualities — or the absence of them — in their other relationships.
How To Do It: Ask group members to describe someone they feel supported by. Discuss the characteristics and behaviors that person exhibits, and how those qualities show up in the relationship.

6. Isolation and Depressive Symptoms

Isolation and depression tend to reinforce each other, making this one of the more urgent patterns to address directly.

What It Is: This activity explores the relationship between isolation and depressive symptoms, and helps clients identify concrete steps to reduce isolating behaviors.
How It Helps Clients: Naming isolation as an active symptom — rather than simply a preference — helps clients see disengagement as something to work against, even when it feels easier in the moment.
How To Do It: Discuss the impact isolation can have on depressive symptoms. Ask group members to share their own experiences with isolating behaviors, and identify one small step they could take to reduce isolation before the next session.

7. Psychotropic Medication Psychoeducation

Many clients have questions or misconceptions about medication that go unaddressed simply because the topic never comes up directly in session.

What It Is: This activity provides general psychoeducation about the role medication can play as part of a broader depression treatment plan, while staying within appropriate scope of practice.
How It Helps Clients: Normalizing medication as one possible tool among several — without endorsing specific medications — can reduce stigma and open the door for clients to have an informed conversation with a prescribing provider.
How To Do It: Provide general education on how medication fits into depression treatment as a whole. Offer appropriate referrals for clients interested in speaking with a prescribing provider about their options, and avoid making specific medication recommendations.

8. Processing Hopelessness

Hopelessness is one of the more painful and clinically significant symptoms clients experience, and it deserves direct, careful attention.

What It Is: This activity creates space for clients to talk about their experiences with hopelessness — what has helped in those moments, new skills they’d be willing to try, and local resources available to them.
How It Helps Clients: Talking openly about hopelessness, rather than avoiding the topic, reduces shame and gives facilitators an important window into each client’s current risk level.
How To Do It: Facilitate a group discussion on hopelessness. Ask what has helped members in these moments previously, identify new coping skills they’re willing to try, and review local and national crisis resources available to them.

9. Understanding Depressive Disorders

Clients benefit from understanding depression as a recognized clinical condition with a defined symptom picture, not a personal failing.

What It Is: This psychoeducational activity introduces different depressive disorders, including their symptoms and general prevalence.
How It Helps Clients: Understanding that their experience fits a recognized clinical pattern can reduce shame and increase engagement in treatment.
How To Do It: Provide education on depressive disorders, their symptoms, and prevalence. Allow time for questions and discussion of how these patterns show up in members’ own experiences.

10. Mindfulness Psychoeducation

Mindfulness practice has real, evidence-supported benefits for individuals managing depressive episodes.

What It Is: This activity introduces mindfulness practices and their benefits for individuals experiencing depression.
How It Helps Clients: Mindfulness helps clients notice depressive thoughts as they arise, rather than becoming fully absorbed in them.
How To Do It: Provide education on mindfulness and its benefits for depressive symptoms. Introduce a brief mindfulness exercise and discuss how members might build a regular practice.

11. Meditation Practices

Different meditation styles resonate differently with different clients, so exposure to a few options increases the odds someone finds one that fits.

What It Is: This activity introduces different forms of meditation, including guided meditation and progressive muscle relaxation.
How It Helps Clients: Practicing multiple styles in a group setting helps clients identify which approach feels most accessible before committing to an independent practice.
How To Do It: Lead the group through guided meditation and progressive muscle relaxation exercises. Process members’ experiences afterward and discuss whether they see themselves using these practices independently.

12. Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors

Understanding how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact gives clients a foundation for nearly every cognitive skill that follows.

What It Is: This activity explores the role our thoughts play in shaping our feelings, and how those feelings in turn influence our behaviors.
How It Helps Clients: Recognizing a thought — rather than a fixed truth — as the source of a difficult feeling gives clients a concrete starting point for change.
How To Do It: Ask group members to identify thoughts that lead to feelings they struggle with, such as sadness, anger, or loneliness. Explore how those feelings, in turn, affect their behaviors.

13. Thought Challenges

Thought challenging turns cognitive awareness into an actionable skill clients can use independently.

What It Is: This activity walks clients through the process of challenging a difficult thought, using examples relevant to their own struggles.
How It Helps Clients: Practicing this process in group, after a CBT foundation has been introduced, gives clients a repeatable framework for the next time a difficult thought arises.
How To Do It: Provide education on thought challenges. Walk through examples relevant to group members’ specific struggles, ideally after introducing broader CBT concepts.

14. Cognitive Distortions

Naming a specific distortion is often the first step toward being able to challenge it effectively.

What It Is: This activity introduces common cognitive distortions and asks group members to identify which ones they relate to.
How It Helps Clients: Recognizing a distortion as a distortion — rather than an accurate reflection of reality — creates the opening needed for cognitive restructuring work.
How To Do It: Provide education on cognitive distortions. Ask group members to share which ones they experience, and connect this back to using thought challenges when distortions show up.

15. Social and Communication Skills Practice

Depression frequently erodes social confidence, making direct skill practice valuable rather than assumed.

What It Is: This activity reviews social and communication skills and gives clients the chance to practice them together, including initiating conversation, expressing needs clearly, and navigating small talk.
How It Helps Clients: Practicing these skills in a low-stakes group setting rebuilds confidence that isolation and depressive symptoms often wear down.
How To Do It: Discuss social and communication skills as a group. Break into pairs to practice specific skills — such as initiating a conversation or expressing a need — and debrief the experience together.

16. Boundary Setting Role-Play

Depression and difficulty maintaining boundaries frequently reinforce one another.

What It Is: This activity introduces boundary-setting concepts and gives members a chance to practice through role-play in pairs.
How It Helps Clients: Practicing boundaries in a supportive setting builds the confidence to apply the same skill in relationships where depression has made it feel especially difficult.
How To Do It: Discuss boundary setting as a group. Split into pairs to practice these skills through role-play, and process the experience together afterward.

17. Coping Skills Charades

A game format can lower resistance for clients who might otherwise disengage from a more traditional discussion.

What It Is: This activity uses a charades format to review healthy coping skills for distressing and uncomfortable emotions.
How It Helps Clients: The playful format increases engagement and helps reinforce coping skills through active participation rather than passive listening.
How To Do It: Prepare a list of healthy coping skills. Play charades as a group, with members acting out and guessing each skill, followed by a brief discussion of how and when to use it.

18. Depression Psychoeducation Review Game

Reinforcing psychoeducation through a game format helps concepts stick better than a straight lecture-style review.

What It Is: This activity uses a jeopardy-style game to review key topics covered in group, such as depression symptoms, coping skills, useful resources, and appropriate medication use.
How It Helps Clients: Gamified review increases engagement and gives the facilitator a low-pressure way to assess how well concepts have been retained.
How To Do It: Develop a jeopardy-style board covering topics the group has previously discussed. Play as a group, using incorrect or uncertain answers as an opportunity to briefly reinforce the concept.

19. Problem-Solving Practice

Problem-solving therapy is a well-supported, structured approach for depression, and it’s a skill clients can strengthen with direct practice (D’Zurilla & Nezu, 2010).

What It Is: This activity walks clients through a structured problem-solving process applied to a real situation they’re currently facing.
How It Helps Clients: Practicing a step-by-step problem-solving approach helps clients feel more confident in their ability to navigate challenging situations, which can counter the sense of helplessness depression often creates.
How To Do It: Introduce a structured problem-solving framework (define the problem, generate options, weigh pros and cons, select and try a solution). Apply it to a real situation a group member is facing, and invite the group to contribute ideas.

20. Joyful Memory Sharing

Depression can make positive memories feel distant or hard to access — actively revisiting one can be a small but meaningful act of resistance against that pull.

What It Is: This activity asks members to identify a joyful memory and share what made that moment special.
How It Helps Clients: Deliberately recalling and savoring a positive memory can offer a brief, genuine counterbalance to the negative memory bias common in depression.
How To Do It: Ask each group member to share a joyful memory and what made it meaningful. Allow space for others to reflect or ask questions.

21. Coping Skills Inventory

Building a shared, visible list of coping skills gives clients a resource to draw from beyond what they’d generate alone in a difficult moment.

What It Is: This activity creates a running group inventory of coping skills members actually use when distressed, then asks each client to commit to trying a few new ones before the next session.
How It Helps Clients: Hearing what has worked for other group members expands each client’s personal coping toolkit in a way that feels grounded in real, lived experience rather than a generic list.
How To Do It: Provide a large sheet or whiteboard for the group to write down coping skills they currently use. Ask each member to identify two or three new skills from the shared list they’re willing to try before the next session, and follow up on their experience.

22. Drawing Coping Skills for Difficult Emotions

Visual, creative engagement can help clients connect with coping skills in a way that feels more personal than a written list.

What It Is: This activity asks clients to identify three challenging emotions, then draw a specific coping skill they could use for each one.
How It Helps Clients: Creating a visual, personalized reference for specific emotions makes coping strategies easier to recall than a generic, one-size-fits-all list.
How To Do It: Provide paper and colored pencils. Ask clients to identify three challenging emotions and draw a coping skill they could use for each, then allow time to share and discuss as a group.

23. Letter to Younger Self

Writing to a younger version of themselves can help clients access compassion they don’t typically extend to their present-day struggles.

What It Is: This activity asks clients to write a letter to their younger self.
How It Helps Clients: Compassion often flows more easily toward a younger, more vulnerable version of ourselves — this activity uses that natural tendency to build broader self-compassion.
How To Do It: Provide time for clients to write their letters individually. Explore common themes present across group members’ letters afterward, with sharing as optional.

24. Short-Term and Long-Term Goals

Working toward goals, even small ones, gives clients a concrete sense of forward movement that depression often obscures.

What It Is: This activity discusses the difference between short-term and long-term goals and asks clients to identify goals for themselves in each category.
How It Helps Clients: Distinguishing between short- and long-term goals helps clients build achievable near-term wins while still holding onto a bigger picture.
How To Do It: Discuss the difference between short-term and long-term goals. Ask group members to identify one goal in each category and discuss what a realistic first step might look like.

25. Life Timeline

Mapping out important life experiences can help clients notice patterns between their history and their current mental health.

What It Is: This activity asks clients to draw a timeline of important experiences in their life.
How It Helps Clients: Seeing their experiences laid out visually can help clients recognize connections between specific events and their current mental health that weren’t obvious before.
How To Do It: Provide materials for clients to create a personal timeline. Explore what made these experiences memorable, and whether members notice any connections to their current mental health concerns.

26. Coping Skills Worksheet Review

Reviewing what has and hasn’t worked for a client gives a more accurate coping plan than starting from scratch.

What It Is: This activity provides a comprehensive worksheet of coping skills for mental health concerns and asks clients to reflect on what has and hasn’t worked for them.
How It Helps Clients: Explicitly separating what’s worked from what hasn’t helps clients avoid repeating strategies that consistently haven’t been effective for them.
How To Do It: Provide a worksheet listing a range of coping skills. Explore what has worked well and what hasn’t for each group member, and ask them to choose two new skills to try the next time they’re distressed.

27. Self-Care Psychoeducation

Self-care is easy to deprioritize when someone is managing depressive symptoms day to day, even though it plays a real role in recovery.

What It Is: This activity provides education on self-care and its impact on mental health, then asks clients to identify realistic new behaviors to add to their routine.
How It Helps Clients: A concrete plan with one or two specific, achievable behaviors is more likely to be followed through on than a vague intention to “practice more self-care.”
How To Do It: Provide psychoeducation on self-care and its role in supporting mental health. Ask each member to identify one or two new self-care behaviors to try before the next session.

28. If You Were an Animal

A lighter, symbolic icebreaker can offer clients an easier entry point into self-reflection than a direct question might.

What It Is: This activity asks clients what animal they’d hope to be and why, then explores the characteristics they admire about their chosen animal.
How It Helps Clients: Approaching self-reflection through a symbolic, lower-stakes lens can surface genuine values and self-perceptions that a more direct question might not.
How To Do It: Ask each group member what animal they’d hope to be and why. Explore the characteristics they like about their chosen animal, and discuss how those qualities might reflect something about themselves.

29. Relationship Needs

Clients with depression often struggle to identify what they actually need from the people around them.

What It Is: This activity explores what group members need within their relationships, such as trust, honesty, and support.
How It Helps Clients: Naming specific relational needs gives clients a clearer standard for evaluating their current relationships, rather than a vague sense that something isn’t working.
How To Do It: Ask the group to identify what they need in their relationships. Allow members to discuss relationships that have these characteristics and ones that don’t, and offer support for members navigating challenging relationships.

30. Positive Affirmations Poster

A visual, physical reminder of encouragement can be more accessible in a difficult moment than trying to recall a thought on the spot.

What It Is: This creative activity asks clients to decorate a sheet with positive affirmations and words of encouragement they can turn to when struggling.
How It Helps Clients: Having something tangible and visual to return to lowers the effort required to access encouragement during a low moment.
How To Do It: Provide paper and decorating supplies. Ask clients to fill their sheet with affirmations and encouraging words, and encourage them to keep it somewhere visible.

31. Music and Mood

Music can offer clients a non-verbal outlet for emotions that are difficult to put into words.

What It Is: This activity asks clients to bring in a song they relate to and discuss how it connects to their current emotional experience.
How It Helps Clients: Music can access and express emotion in a way that talking sometimes can’t, offering clients a coping tool that’s easy to access in daily life.
How To Do It: Ask clients to bring a song to group that they relate to right now. Listen together, and allow each member to share how they connect with it.

32. The Cold or Illness Self-Care Metaphor

Clients often care for their physical health far more consistently than their mental health, and naming that gap directly can be a useful entry point.

What It Is: This activity uses the metaphor of caring for a cold or physical illness — eating well, resting, seeing a doctor — to explore whether clients apply the same consistency to their mental health.
How It Helps Clients: The metaphor makes an abstract idea concrete: taking mental health as seriously as physical health, and identifying the specific barriers that get in the way.
How To Do It: Ask the group what they typically do for themselves when they’re sick. Ask which of those strategies could help when they’re struggling emotionally, and explore any barriers that make it harder to apply the same care to their mental health.

33. Life Without Depression

Imagining life without depression can help clients reconnect with what actually matters to them, separate from the weight of current symptoms.

What It Is: This activity asks clients to describe what their life would look like if they weren’t struggling with depression.
How It Helps Clients: Identifying specific, desired changes gives clients concrete direction to work toward, rather than treating recovery as an abstract or distant idea.
How To Do It: Ask the group to describe what their life would look like without depression. Explore whether any of the details they mention are things they could begin working toward now.

34. Self-Compassion Through the Eyes of a Friend

Most clients are far more compassionate toward a struggling friend than they are toward themselves — this activity uses that gap directly (Neff, 2003).

What It Is: This activity asks clients how they respond when a friend is struggling, then compares that to how they treat themselves during their own struggles.
How It Helps Clients: Making the double standard explicit often creates real motivation for clients to extend the same compassion to themselves that they already give freely to others.
How To Do It: Ask the group how they typically respond to a friend who’s struggling. Then ask how they treat themselves in similar moments. Discuss the concept of self-compassion and explore barriers members experience in extending it to themselves.

35. The Serenity Prayer and Radical Acceptance

Distinguishing between what a client can and can’t control is a foundational acceptance-based skill with real clinical grounding (Linehan, 1993).

What It Is: This activity uses the Serenity Prayer as a framework for sorting current worries and stressors into what can and can’t be changed.
How It Helps Clients: Clients often spend significant energy fighting things that are outside their control. Sorting concerns this way can redirect that energy toward what’s actually within their influence.
How To Do It: Provide a copy of the Serenity Prayer. Ask clients to sort their current worries into what they can and cannot change. Explore what might shift for them if they redirected their energy toward what’s within their control.

36. Gratitude Practice

Gratitude and depressive symptoms have an inverse relationship worth building into a regular practice, not just a one-time discussion.

What It Is: This activity introduces gratitude as a regular practice and explores its connection to clients’ broader goals and aspirations.
How It Helps Clients: A consistent gratitude practice has been associated with improved mood and life satisfaction over time.
How To Do It: Facilitate a group discussion on gratitude. Ask members to share what they’re grateful for, and discuss realistic ways to build a gratitude practice into their daily routine.

37. Letter to Depression

Externalizing depression as something separate from the self can shift how clients relate to it.

What It Is: This narrative activity asks clients to write a letter to their depression, as if it were something they could address directly.
How It Helps Clients: Externalizing depression — treating it as separate from a client’s identity — can reduce the sense that depression defines who they are.
How To Do It: Ask clients to write a letter to their depression. Allow group members to share if they’re comfortable, and explore common themes that surface across letters.

Final Thoughts on Selecting Group Therapy Activities for Your Clients with Depression

Counselors have no shortage of options when it comes to group therapy activities for depression. For counselors who like providing group members with worksheets and handouts, TherapyByPro’s depression worksheets can offer helpful, ready-to-use resources.

Group activities can be a valuable tool for encouraging participation, especially in groups that are more reluctant to share and engage. Group therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment option for individuals struggling with depression, which underscores the importance of creating a safe, engaging environment for your group members.

Resources

• American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. Resource
• National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). Major depression. NIMH Statistics. Resource
• McDermut, W., Miller, I. W., & Brown, R. A. (2001). The efficacy of group psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis and review of the empirical research. In Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Resource
• Jacobson, N. S., Martell, C. R., & Dimidjian, S. (2001). Behavioral activation treatment for depression: Returning to contextual roots. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8(3), 255–270. Resource
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582. Resource
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (2010). Problem-solving therapy. In K. S. Dobson (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
• Neff, K. D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. Resource
• Linehan, M. M. (1993). Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.